1.前进型。这一类词和词组起的是顺接、递进作用，指示读者继续往下看，其前后可能存在并列、递进、因果、解释等关系，往往接下来的可能是作者、要强调的重要内容。

如：and, also, more, moreover, more than that, furthermore, likewise, equally important, first, second, in addition to, thus,so, therefore, consequently, accordingly, as a result等。

    2.转弯型。这一类标志着前后两个句子或段落之间的转折或对比关系，读者要敏感地意识到后面出现的是与前面截然不同的事物或观点，从而对作者的思想进行预测。

如：but, yet, while, however, nevertheless, although, though, otherwise, despite, instead, on the contrary, in contrast,notwithstanding等。

    3.终点型。这一类标志着下面的内容是对前面的概括和总结。

如：to conclude, to sum up, in sum, in conclusion, in short, in brief, on the whole等。

    4.其他。表示空间位置（near, far, beside, next to, above, on the side of, across, behind）、目的(for this purpose, so that, in order to)、强调(indeed, in fact, surely, certainly, to be sure, I am certain)、举例(for example, for instance, in particular)、条件(in that case, that being so, in these circumstance, if, unless)等。