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普通专升本:英语阅读做题技巧,猜词很重要

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时间:2021-04-26
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  1.根据定义、解释猜测词义


    定义线索是用别的单词或短语来为一个陌生单词或短语下定义或作解释。

    例如:Anthropology is the scientific study of man. 由定义可知,anthropology就是"研究人类的科学 ".

    Decision-thinking is not unlike poker…… This card game has often been of considerable interest to people.

    在此句中,如果我们不知道"poker"的词义,不需要查字典,可通过定义线索获得"poker is king of card game" .

    2.根据复述(同位语、定语等)

    同位语 Semantics, the study of the meaning of words, is necessary if you are to speak and read intelligently.

    此例逗号中短语意为"对词意义进行研究的学科" .该短语与前面生词semantics式 同位关系,因此我们不难猜出 semantics指"语义学".

    3.根据举例
 
    如:The consequences of epochal events such as wars and great scientific discoveries are not confined to a small geographical area as they were in the past.

    句中"战争 "和"重大科学发现"是生词的实例,通过它们我们可以猜出 epochal的 大致词义"重要的 ",这与其确切含义"划时代的"十分接近。

    4.根据对比关系

    例:Green loves to talk,and his brothers are similarly loquacious.
 
     该句中副词similarly表明短语 loves to talk与生词loquacious之间的比较关系。

    以此可以推断出 loquacious词义为"健谈的".表示比较关系的词和短语主要是 similarly,like,just as ,also等。

    5.根据比喻关系

    例:Fuel is to cars what food is to men.

    通过句中的比喻关系,我们得知 fuel对于汽车来说就像食物对于人那么重要,由此,我们可知 fuel应是"燃料 "的意思。

    6.根据同义词的替代

    Doctors believe that smoking cigarettes is detrimental to your health. They also regard drinking as harmful.

    句中detrimental四个生词,但判断出harmful 替代detrimental后,不难推断出其词义 为 "不利的,有害的".

    7.有时也可根据一般性常识/生活经验猜测词义

    e.g:In the strong wind, the beggar shivered with the terrible cold. 在这个句子中,根据常识,我们可以猜出"shivered"是"打抖 ".  

    e.g:Garlic is not as mild as its cousins, the onion and the leek. It has one of the strongest flavors known to man.

    在此句中,如果你不理解"garlic",凭借你的常识,你可以猜出它是一种味道很浓的食物。

    8.也可根据词形构造猜测词义

    More recently, scientists have documented an alarmingly high occurrence of frogs with malformations.

    form是词根, formation“形式”,mal-:构词前缀,可表示“坏、恶、不良”,还可表示“不、不正常、不当、非法。”

 

    malformation的意思就应该是“畸形。”更多的例子如:malnutrition: 营养不良;malconduct:(公职人员的)胡作非为;maladjustive: 引起失调的;不利调节的。