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2021年普通专升本:专升本英语语法中从句分类总结

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时间:2021-05-08
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  英语从句在在专升本英语考试中也是会经常考察到的知识点。而英语从句包括定语从句,状语从句……等等。无论哪一种英语从句,只要大家能够把这些定语从句给掌握,在做题的时候能够灵活运用。那么,大家在2021年专升本英语考试中遇见此类型的题,把分数给拿下是没有问题的。下面小编给大家分类整理了英语从句汇总,仅供大家英语学习参考。

  定语从句


  定语从句(Attributive Clauses)在句中做定语,修饰一个名词或代词,被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后,由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出。

  关系代词有:who, whom, whose, that, which等。

  关系副词有:when, where, why等。

  关系代词引导的定语从句

  关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。

  1)who, whom, that

  这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词,在从句中所起作用如下:

  Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是想见你的人吗?(who/that在从句中作主语)

  He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。(whom/that在从句中作宾语)

  2)Whose

  用来指人或物,(只用作定语, 若指物,它还可以同of which互换),例如:

  They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了,大家都跑过去帮忙。

  Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。

  3)which, that

  它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等,例如:

  A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。(which / that在句中作宾语)

  The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。(which / that在句中作宾语)

  关系副词引导的定语从句

  关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词,在从句中作状语。

  1)when, where, why

  关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于"介词+ which"结构,因此常常和"介词+ which"结构交替使用,例如:

  There are occasions when (on which) one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。

  Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born. 北京是我的出生地。

  Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer? 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗?

  2)that代替关系副词

  that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和"介词+ which"引导的定语从句,在口语中that常被省略,例如:

  His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born. 他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。

  He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。

  状语从句

  在句子中起状语作用的从句叫做状语从句。状语从句由从属连词引导。

  状语从句可分为:

  时间状语从句:

  When Susan goes to town, she will visit her grandma.

  苏珊每次进城,总要去看望她奶奶。

  地点状语从句:

  I will go where I am needed.

  哪里需要我,我就到哪里去。

  方式状语从句:

  I have changed it as you suggest.

  我已经按照你的建议作了改变。

  原因状语从句:

  Mary didn"t go shopping because I advised her not to.

  玛丽没有去购物,因为我劝她不要去。

  目的状语从句:

  They worked hard in order that they might succeed.

  他们努力工作,以便能够获得成功。

  结果状语从句:

  Waste must be treated so that it does not become a danger to life.

  废物必须进行处理,这样它才不会成为危害生命的东西。

  条件状语从句:

  If he works hard, he will surely succeed.

  如果努力工作,他肯定会成功。

  让步状语从句:

  Though we are all different, we need never be separate.

  虽然我们各不相同,但是我们永远也不会分开。

  比较状语从句:

  I was happier than I had ever been in my life.

  这是我一生中最快乐的时光。

  名词性从句(主语 宾语 表语 同位语)

  在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句(Noun Clauses)。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组,它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等,因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能,名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。

  引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类:

  连接词:that, whether, if (不充当从句的任何成分)

  连接代词:what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which

  连接副词:when, where, how, why

  不可省略的连词:

  1. 介词后的连词

  2. 引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略

  That she was chosen made us very happy.

  We heard the news that our team had won.

  【比较】whether与if均为“是否”的意思。但在下列情况下,whether不能被if取代:

  1. whether引导主语从句并在句首

  2. 引导表语从句

  3. whether从句作介词宾语

  4. 从句后有"or not",例:Whether he will come or not is not clear.

  大部分连接词引导的主语从句都可以置于句末,用it充当形式主语:

  It is not important who will go.

 

  It is still unknown which team will win the match.