2021年普通专升本考试：大学英语干货之动词不定式！-湖北专升本考试网

2021年普通专升本考试：大学英语干货之动词不定式！

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时间：2021-09-28

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动词不定式
1．常用形式：一般自动式to do, 一般被动式to be done
完结自动式to have done, 完结被动式to have been done

进行式to be doing

2．语法功用：可作主语、表语、宾语、宾补、定语和状语（即除谓语之外的各种成分）。例如：
（1）主语：To master a foreign language is very important.
（2）表语：My job is to drive them to the company every day.
（3）宾语：Do you want to visit the Great Wall?
Can you give us some advice on what to do next?
（4）宾补：The teacher advised us to have a rest first.
I didn’t notice them come in.
注：see, hear, watch, notice, have, make, let等动词后作宾补的动词不定式不带to, 但变为被动语态以后（即不定式作主补时）要带to, 其中let sb. do sth. 变为被动式为sb. is let do sth.
help（协助）后作宾补的动词不定式可带to，也可不带to. 即help sb.(to)do sth.
（5）定语：不定式坐落所修饰的名词，代词之后，如：Who was the first one to set to the top of the hill yesterday? /He is the man to depend on/to believe in.
（6）状语： in order to
A．意图状语：She reads China Daily every day so as to improve her English.
注：in order to 能够坐落句首或句中，so as to 不能坐落句首。
B．原因状语： I’m glad to see you . 注：这种“be＋形容词＋不定式”结构，其不定式有时也可视为宾语，如：He is eager to go to college./ She is sure to come here.
C．成果状语：They lived to see the liberation of their home town.他们一向活到见到家园解放。
在“too…to…”结构中表“太…成果不能”，如：He is too weak to do the work.
注：too之前如果有only, only too 表“非常”、“很”意，此刻不定式不再表否定意，而表必定意。如：They are only too lucky to go abroad for a visit. 他们很走运去国外访问。
另外，too后如果是happy, glad之类形容词时，不定式也表必定意。
如：She was too happy to meet her old friend in the street.

在“形容词/副词＋enough＋不定式”结构中表“足以能…”，如：He is strong enough to do the work .

3．复合结构不定式（for sb. to do sth.），可作主语、表语、宾语、定语和状语。for 自身无意义，sb.可称之为不定式的逻辑主语。例如：I think it necessary for him to go there at once.（复合结构不定式作宾语）。
注：当作表语用的形容词表明不定式的逻辑主语的性质或特征时，不用for, 而用of,
如：It is kind of you to help me .（相当于You are kind to help me .）这类形容词有good,nice,kind,wise, clever, foolish, silly, stupid, careless, impolite（不礼貌）等。right, wrong既可用于for sb. to do sth. 也可用于of sb. to do sth. 例如：It’s right/wrongg for him to do the work alone.
4．疑问词＋不定式：可作主语、表语或宾语。如：How to finish the work in time is a problem.（主语）We don’t know when and where to go .（宾语）
5．动词不定式的否定式（not to do sth.），语法功用同不定式必定式。
6．不定式的时态形式所表明的时刻关系：
（1）一般式：表明的动作和谓语动词所表明的动作一起产生，或在谓语动作之后，或没有时刻限制。例如：
They often watch us play table tennis.（与谓语动作一起）
She hopes to go there again.（在谓语动作之后）
It is necessary and important to read English every day.（无时刻限制）
The factory to make radios is over there.（无时刻限制）
（2）完结式：表明的动作在谓语动词所表明的动作之前。如：I’m sorry to have kept you waiting. /She seems to have been a teacher for many years.
（3）进行式：表明正在产生的动作且与谓语动作一起产生。例如：
She happened to be writing a letter in the room when I come in.
7．不定式的被动式：名词、代词为不定式的逻辑宾语时，一般用不定式被动式，
例如：What is to be done is unknown. /The bridge to be bulit there is very long.

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