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2021年普通专升本:湖北专升本英语易错词的辨析

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时间:2021-06-01
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  一、spend/ take /cost


  1. spend的主语通常是“人”,即“某人在─花多少时间或金钱。”
  例句:
  (1)The boy spends a lot of money.(in) playing computer games.
  (那个男孩花了很多钱玩电子游戏。)
  (2)She spent lots of money on books last year.
  (去年她花费很多钱在书本上。)
 
  2.take前常以it作形式主语,作“做某事需要花多少时间。”
  It takes +(人)+时间+ to do sth.
  (1)How long does it take you to finish the work?(你需要多少时间才能完成那工作?)
  (2)It took me an hour to repair my bike.(我花了一个小时修理自行车。)
  (3)It takes a lot of courage to tell the truth.(说真话需要很大的勇气。)
 
  3. cost的主语通常是事物,即指 ①某物值多少钱②需要多少时间③某人花了多少钱④使(某人)(丧失)(事/物)+cost+(人)+时间/金钱
  (1)The watch cost me two hundred yuan.(这块手表花了我200块钱。)
  (2)Writing a novel cost plenty of time.(写本小说要花很多时间。)
  (3)The girl"s bad behavior cost her parents many sleepless nights.
  (那个女孩的不良行为使得她的父母许多夜晚睡不着。)
  注意:cost的过去式,过去分词都是cost。

  二、speak/say/tell/talk
  1.speak说某种语言,说某人好、坏话是及物动词;发表讲话,对某人说话,是不及物动词。
  1)The students speak English very fluently.(这些学生英语说得非常流利。)
  2)The Prime Minister spoke on the international situation.(首相就国际形势发表了演说。)
  3)She always speaks ill of others.(她总是说别人的坏话。)
  speak的习惯用语:
  Generally speaking 一般而言
  Frankly speaking 坦白地说
  Strictly speaking 严格地说
  not to speak of 且不说;更不用说
  (1)Generally speaking, man is stronger than woman.(一般而言,男人比女人强壮。)
  (2)We can speak English, not to speak of Chinese.(我们会读英语,汉语更不用说了。)

  2. say说出某句话或某件事;后接从句,(但say与从句之间不能直接接人称代词或名词);说明时间;书信、布告报纸上的“说”,习惯用法
  (1)She said ,“I love you.”(她说:“我爱你。”)
  (2)Say goodbye to them.(跟他们说再见。)
  (3)She says she is busy.(她说她很忙。)
  (4)My watch says 10:00 sharp.(我的表是十点整。)
  (5)The paper says that there was a big fire in Shanghai.(报上说上海发生了一场大火)。
  (6)It is said that she has been away for a month.(据说她已走了一个月了)
  (7)It goes without saying that education is important.(不用说,教育是重要的。)
  (8)Tom is a good student, that is to say, he gets good grades in school.
  (Tom是个好学生,也就是说,他在学校的成绩很好。)

  3. tell说谎;讲故事;说实话
  (1)Don"t tell a lie.(不要说谎。)
  (2)She likes to tell stories.(她喜欢讲故事。)
  (3)We should always tell the truth.(我们应该永远说实话。)
  tell辨别;叫某人做某事;接“间接”与“直接”宾语;tell+宾语+that从句
     (4)Sometimes we can"t tell right from wrong.(有时我们无法辨别是非。)
  (他告诉我他要去那儿。)

  4. talk连续地说话;习惯用法
  (1)What are the girls talking about ?(那些女孩们讲什么?)
  (2)Young people like to talk politics.(年青人喜欢谈论政治。)

  (3)I talked over the matter with her.(我与她谈论了那个问题。)